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伊爽電鍍廢水分質處理回用設備
詳細信息| 詢價留言電(dian)鍍(du)生產線上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點很多(duo)，不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點有(you)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)。如果能夠根據(ju)(ju)不同(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)求(qiu)逐級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)套用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，就可以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)。我們可以(yi)(yi)把電(dian)鍍(du)生產用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)下三個等(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：一(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)——鍍(du)件末道清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))；二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)——電(dian)鍍(du)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))；三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)——毛坯或(huo)退鍍(du)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(目前(qian)大多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))。為了減(jian)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)可以(yi)(yi)按以(yi)(yi)下方法套用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原本直接排(pai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)：(I)鍍(du)件末道清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后，其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好于自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，完全可以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；(2)可以(yi)(yi)將酸洗(xi)(xi)(xi)、活化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于去(qu)油、脫脂后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)；(3)電(dian)鍍(du)前(qian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可以(yi)(yi)作為三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；(4)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)化學(xue)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也可以(yi)(yi)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。以(yi)(yi)上僅提供(gong)(gong)一(yi)些節約(yue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思路，各(ge)個企(qi)業可以(yi)(yi)根據(ju)(ju)實際(ji)情況制定(ding)具(ju)體方案。以(yi)(yi)下觀點供(gong)(gong)決策者參考：(1)在生產線規劃設計過(guo)(guo)程中考慮(lv)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)質(zhi)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)事后改造(zao)更經(jing)濟有(you)效；(2)改造(zao)老(lao)生產線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資金投入并不會(hui)很大，而回(hui)(hui)報所得(de)(de)會(hui)高于投入；(3)保證鍍(du)件清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)質(zhi)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提，應(ying)該經(jing)過(guo)(guo)試驗確定(ding)沒有(you)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)風(feng)險后再實施；(4)不一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)追求(qiu)過(guo)(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率。過(guo)(guo)高回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率會(hui)引起水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中含鹽量(liang)(liang)和其它(ta)雜質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累，嚴重時會(hui)影(ying)響清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時可以(yi)(yi)補充部分(fen)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例可以(yi)(yi)根據(ju)(ju)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)效果調節。電(dian)鍍(du)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)質(zhi)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是一(yi)項投資省、運行成(cheng)(cheng)本低、簡易可行、見效快，絕大多(duo)數電(dian)鍍(du)廠都有(you)可能采納的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法。如果設計合理(li)，管理(li)得(de)(de)當，分(fen)質(zhi)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)獲(huo)得(de)(de)30％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效果是完全可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
電鍍企業一般位于農村地區或郊區，年加工電鍍件10萬m2，鍍種主要涉及鍍鋅、鍍銅、鍍鎳、鍍鉻、鍍仿金、鍍代鉻、度槍色，鍍種較齊全，但由于周邊配套設施不完善，無排水去向。由于企業鍍種較多，電鍍廢水種類也比較多，為了避免多種污染物在處理之互相干擾，增加廢水的回用可行性，將電鍍廢水進行分質處理回用。
2、電鍍廢水的具體情況
該企業電鍍廢水根據污染物類型不同分為含鎳廢水、含銅廢水、含鋅廢水、含鉻廢水和其他廢水。
①含鎳廢水
含鎳廢水為連續排放，主要污染物為pH、COD、TNi。其濃度為pH7-8、COD100mg/L、TNi 23mg/L。
②含銅廢水
含銅廢水為連續排放，主要污染物為pH、COD、TCu。其濃度為pH7-8、COD100mg/L、TCu 37.8mg/L。
③含鋅廢水
含鋅廢水主要污染物為pH、COD、TZn。其濃度為pH7-8、COD100mg/L、TZn66.8mg/L。
④含鉻廢水
含鉻廢水為定時排放，主要污染物為pH、COD、Cr6+。其濃度為pH5-6、COD100mg/L、Cr6+39.4mg/L。
⑤其他綜合廢水主要污染物為pH、COD、SS、石油類、TZn、Cr6+、TNi，其濃度為pH3-4、COD100mg/L、SS120mg/L、石油類12mg/L、TCu 3.3mg/L、TZn 20mg/L、Cr6+3.5mg/L、TNi1.6mg/L。
3、電鍍廢水的治理工藝及可行性分析
（1）含鉻廢水
本項目含鉻廢水為定期排放，每次排放廢水為工件在鍍鉻和鈍化之后的道清洗廢水，廢水進入車間內含鉻廢水處理設施處理（陽離子交換柱+蒸發濃縮器+含鉻溶液回收罐），離子交換柱通過樹脂離子交換將廢水中的鎳離子、銅離子、鋅離子等低價位的金屬離子去除，六價鉻則存留在廢水中，再通過蒸發濃縮器去除大部分水，以水蒸氣的形式蒸發損失，將六價鉻離子保留在濃縮液中，回收含鉻溶液的比例約為10%左右，含鉻溶液濃縮至400g/L，回用于鍍鉻、鈍化工序。
（2）含鎳廢水、含銅廢水和含鋅廢水
含鎳廢水、含銅廢水和含鋅廢水處理工藝原料相同，分別采用一套離子交換處理系統。通過陽離子樹脂的離子交換功能將廢水中的鎳離子、銅離子、鋅離子等陽離子從廢水中分離處理嗎，反應式如下：
通過實測，處理后出水水質為0.5-9.8mg/l，當水質接近回用于沖洗工序用水水質要求時（中間鍍層清洗水各金屬離子濃度≤10mg/l，*終鍍層清洗水各金屬離子濃度≤20mg/l），對樹脂進行更換再生；再生液中鎳、銅、鋅含量均在150g/L以上，*終分別進入鍍槽，對金屬元素回收利用；由于再生液中可能含有微量的異金屬離子，為了避免異金屬離子富集，鍍槽內添加可以促使其共沉積的添加劑；并在停產時通過電解對異金屬離子進行處理，這樣就保證了鍍液的長期穩定性。
（3）綜合廢水
綜合廢水處理站處理工藝為“反應池+綜合廢水處理機+沉淀+碳濾+反滲透”。其他廢水經綜合廢水池混合后打入反應池，投加入還原劑NaHSO3溶液，控制ORP在300mV以下，PH值為2.0-3.0；空氣攪拌，反應10-20分鐘，可使Cr6+還原分解至要求以下。反應式如下：
然后流入自動綜合廢水處理機。堿、綜合廢水處理劑和高分子絮凝劑PAM在微電腦的自動控制條件下添加、反應，使大量的金屬離子生產沉淀，反應式如下：
反應混合液進入斜板沉淀分離池后，因水力流速減緩而靜止沉淀，重金屬形成絮體因重力作用沉淀至沉淀槽底部，上清液經溢流堰自流出水排入碳濾器，經碳濾器的過濾和吸附等一系列的深度處理后，進入反滲透處理裝置；反滲透處理裝置處理后，滲透液滿足生產回用水要求，濃縮液進入蒸發器進行濃度處理，蒸餾后的廢水與滲透液一起回用于生產，蒸餾產生的濃液回到綜合廢水池重新處理；當綜合廢水處理產生的棄水和濃液中重金屬離子富集達到一定濃度，為了保證污水處理的效果和生產的有序進行，濃液定期作為危險廢物交由有資質的單位處理。通過實測污水站日常運行監測結果為綜合廢水經污水處理站處理后后出水水質為pH6-9、銅離子0.01-0.04mg/l、鎳離子0.01-0.03mg/l、鉻離子0.01-0.04mg/l；滿足企業提供的清洗工序回用水水質要求（中間鍍層清洗水各金屬離子濃度≤10mg/l，*終鍍層清洗水各金屬離子濃度≤20mg/l）。
通過上述分析，結合某電鍍企業污水處理實例對電鍍廢水分質處理，回用于生產的實例，簡單介紹了電鍍廢水分質處理、回用的可行性，為電鍍行業的發展盡綿薄之力。 -
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